Abstract: This study presents a comprehensive mathematical model for analyzing optimum frequency hop (FH) patterns (OFHPs) derived from two-dimensional circular shifts applied to a Golomb Costas array ...

Abstract: In this paper, circular area movement optimization (CAMO), a novel global search algorithm, and its hybridization with the pattern search method (PSM) are proposed to solve the multimodal ...

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XRP is trading near a critical inflection point, as weekly charts show a price structure that closely mirrors its 2017 breakout, according to analyst Steph Is Crypto. The setup compares the 2025 ...