In the future, quantum computers are anticipated to solve problems once thought unsolvable, from predicting the course of ...

A team of researchers at the University of Waterloo have made a breakthrough in quantum computing that elegantly bypasses the fundamental "no cloning" problem. The research, "Encrypted Qubits can be ...

Physics is the search for and application of rules that can help us understand and predict the world around us. Central to physics are ideas such as energy, mass, particles and waves. Physics attempts ...

Optical physics is the study of the fundamental properties of light and its interaction with matter. This includes classical optical phenomena such as reflection, refraction, diffraction and ...

Abstract: Various computational problems can be reduced to computing the marginals and the partition function of a suitably defined standard factor graph (S-FG). The sum-product algorithm (SPA) is an ...