Abstract: The second harmonic restraint ratio differential protection is commonly used to prevent maloperation due to inrush currents. However, in offshore low-frequency transmission systems with ...

Traditionally, power converter design for energy storage systems (BESS) normally focuses on conversion efficiency and total ...

Abstract: The conventional method relies on measuring the second harmonic components to identify the magnetizing inrush current, which is a result of an internal transformer fault. This method has ...

Transformers maintain power systems' stability and ensure reliable electricity distribution. However, they can come with significant environmental risks, especially when wear and tear cause insulation ...