Abstract: We apply the innovations method to Viterbi decoding of convolutional codes. First, we calculate the covariance matrix of the innovation (i.e., the soft-decision input to the main decoder in ...

Discover a fast and powerful calculus-based method for finding square roots with impressive accuracy. This explanation shows how derivatives and iterative approximation can be used to quickly zero in ...

Just a half century ago, York city was desperate for a comeback after enduring damaging York race riots, Tropical Storm Agnes’ devastation and unprecedented population loss to the suburbs. Desperate, ...

Abstract: Fuzzy mean square clustering is one of the simplest and most performant versions of the k-means non-hierarchical clustering methods. In this work, we extend and improve this method by a ...