If you know or can estimate a low-noise amplifier’s gain or noise bandwidth, you can measure the other spec using only a handful of resistors and an ac voltmeter (Reference 1). The method in this ...

In most operational amplifier (op amp) circuits, the resistor tolerance and resistor temperature coefficient determine the gain accuracy and gain temperature drift (Figure 1 shows a typical circuit).

Many times, the need arises to interface single-supply analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and comparators to real-world signals like 5 V. Of course, it's possible to condition the signal using ...