Abstract: Motivated by high-density storage needs, symbol-pair codes were introduced by Cassuto and Blaum to address channels with overlapping symbol outputs. In this paper, we present a systematic ...

Abstract: We apply the innovations method to Viterbi decoding of convolutional codes. First, we calculate the covariance matrix of the innovation (i.e., the soft-decision input to the main decoder in ...

Christmas is a time for feasting with family and friends, but what if your oven decides to play Scrooge? We've all been there – Christmas goodies taking an age to cook or returning to find your ...

Discover a fast and powerful calculus-based method for finding square roots with impressive accuracy. This explanation shows how derivatives and iterative approximation can be used to quickly zero in ...

On March 27, 2025, the UAE unveiled a new symbol for its national currency, the dirham. A blend of national heritage and modern design, the symbol represents not just the UAE’s financial stability but ...