Discover the differences between fixed and variable costs and how they impact production costs. Learn to analyze these costs ...

Abstract: Min-sum (MS) algorithm is a low-complexity approximation of belief propagation (BP) algorithm, but has a severe decline in decoding performance. To reduce this degradation, Normalized ...

Abstract: The statistical characterization of a sum of random variables (RVs) is useful for investigating the performance of wireless communication systems. We derive exact closed-form expressions for ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...